What Parents Look at When Choosing a Public/Private School...

What Parents Look at When Choosing a Public/Private School Education is an institution that parents want to control as a way to insure/provide their children with the best education possible. Parent control/choice has slowly regressed from the colonial era where they could choose not only the school their child attended but also the textbooks used and the curriculum taught (McDonald 2001). Parents still obtain the right to choose the school that best tailors their child’s special uniqueness and educational needs, but due to social diversities and expansions parents have many factors that they now must take into consideration before choosing the best kind of school for their child (Russell 2001). Complexity, diversity, and financial†¦show more content†¦Some questions parents want answered is if the schools provide buses, does each student have to provide his/her own means of transportation, or does the school provide student housing. All of these scenarios can complicate a parent’s decision for their child’s schooling drastically. A factor that helps out with this decision would be if the classes provided at one school were proven to be overtly more academically challenging/more appealing to the other. Some factors parents look at is what school has a bigger array of classes. Such choices would be either that one school has four levels of English, or many different kinds of classes. Some unique courses, which aren’t usually found in a traditional school setting, could be classes like sign language or kick line (Johnston 2001). Next parents sometimes look at the types of teachers that will be teaching these classes, how long the teacher has been teaching at that school, what teaching style is used (visual, oral, both), what the communities opinion of this teacher is, and does the school allow parents to request/choose their child’s teacher (Elliot 2001; Smith 2001). Along with such complexities as staff quality parents also look at how complex class scheduling is. Such scheduling differences can be block, alternating day, or a consistent daily schedule. Block scheduling is when each semester is broke into time frames (blocks) where certain classesShow MoreRelatedSchool Schools Vs. Public Schools1311 Words   |  6 PagesParents worry about where they are going to send their kids to school. There is a big debate among parents in choosing where to send their children to school. People want to give their child the best education. The two major style of schooling is public and private schools. Public schools are schools that are set up and run by the government. Private schools are schools that are privately owned and are not controlled by the government. Both schools have positive and negative aspects. There are manyRead MorePrivate Schools Vs. Private School Education Essay1746 Words   |  7 Pages There’s nothing a parent wants more for their child than to get a great education. The main thing they have to decide is if they want their child to go to public or private school. Another thing to consider is, which type of school will provide the best education for their child. However, only some families have this choice, and others don’t. Families that aren’t financially stable might not be able to afford a private school education, even if that’s what they would prefer for their children.Read MoreDifferences Between Public And Private Schools1247 Words   |  5 Pages When it comes to the important decision of selecting a school for their children, there are many factors a family needs to evaluate. One of the many factors facing today’s families are looking for the right school and which type would better meet the needs of their child, a private or public school. Some of the questions parents may ask themselves during this process are: What a re the differences between public and private schools? Will it make an extensive difference in my child’s education? WhichRead MorePrivate Schools Vs Public Schools878 Words   |  4 PagesEducation is an essential need for living in today’s society. A school is an organization where students are provided information and skill that will be useful in their future. Picking the best school for them is crucial. One problem that people need to experience is choosing where to send their children to class; private or public. There are many differences of public and private schools such as, environment, cost, and education. Everybody needs to get the proper learning experience that they needRead More The Public Choice Essay1610 Words   |  7 PagesThe Public Choice For some parents, deciding on a school for their children can be a difficult decision. Many parents do not spend much time thinking about it; they place their children into the local school designated by where they live. Others attended a private school themselves and found that it was a beneficial experience and therefore want the same for their kids. But which is better: private schools or public schools? While there are many advantages and disadvantages in each (nothingRead MoreSchool Uniforms Persuasive Essay1470 Words   |  6 PagesUniform Adoption in Public Schools Ever wonder what it would look like to have all students wearing the same white polo shirt, black pants, and a district sweater walking in the hallway? Nowadays, public school and many districts are discussing the possibilities of enforcing the uniform policy. In most places, many private schools already require students to have their mandatory uniforms; however, there are only a few public schools adopting this mandatory school-uniform polices as oneRead MorePrivate Schools Vs. Public Schools1406 Words   |  6 Pagesthat private school is more expensive than public school, but has it ever occurred to you why it is like this? Private schools are not just trying to take your money, they are just trying to provide a quality education, without the government funding that public schools get. The tuition money goes to very important things; high quality teachers, better resources and the overall quality and stability of the institution. It is true that private school tuiti on is expensive, but private schools haveRead MoreEssay on The Benefits of Uniform Adoption in Public Schools1278 Words   |  6 Pages Ever wonder what it would look like to have all students wearing the same white polo shirt, black pants, and a district sweater walking in the hallway? Nowadays, public school and many districts are discussing the possibilities of enforcing the uniform policy. In most places, many private schools already require students to have their mandatory uniforms; however, there are only a few public schools adopting this mandatory school-uniform polices as one of their enrollment requirements. The reasonRead MorePublic Schools vs. Private Schools1027 Words   |  4 Pagesbeing said there are things to consider before choosing to send your child to a public school or private school. Perhaps doing so would be much easier if you would take the time to research the differences between the two. Public schools are better than private schools because of the diversity, funding and extracurricular activities available. Eileen Gale Kugler, a national advocate for diverse schools, wrote an article about how the diversity in schools makes academic and social improvements. SheRead MoreSchool Uniforms And Schools Uniforms1211 Words   |  5 PagesSchool uniforms began their revolution in private schools; they represented a unique appearance, and provided a safe environment for the students attending. Private and Catholic schools were clever enough for implementing school uniforms, because without their influence public schools would have not adapted on creating a dress code for students. By introducing school uniforms in school policies they have managed to impact students learning environment in reducing stress, changing students’ behavior

Noble Love in The Birthmark Essay - 1710 Words

Noble Love in The Birthmark Often billed as a story of an unsuccessful attempt to beat Nature at her own game, â€Å"The Birthmark† by Nathaniel Hawthorne certainly lends itself to a somewhat deeper interpretation. Over the years many scholars have noted that the story of Aylmer and Georgiana is riddled with traditional Hawthorne themes such as the evils of selfishness and pride, coupled with an element of solitariness (Arvin xvi). However, we are want to consider whether Aylmer’s motives in this story are purely selfish. Does this man perhaps deserve a touch of human sympathy? With blazingly obvious symbolism, clearly defined by the author himself, the reader can choose to take the tale for what it seems to be, a purely†¦show more content†¦Immediately we are warned that this love will survive only if it can be â€Å"intertwined†¦with his love of science† (148). This issue presents itself almost immediately after Georgiana and Aylmer are married, when the former discovers that Nature has left his near-perfect wife with a tiny blemish on her ivory cheek; the small imprint of a hand. Of this Robert H. Fossum writes: â€Å"Like Eve entering the Garden, Georgiana has brought love and human warmth into Aylmer’s cold and lonely laboratory†¦she has brought the blemish of her birthmark†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Fossum 78). When asked about how she herself views her mark, Georgiana replies as one who has not given the subject much thought: â€Å"To tell the truth is has been so often called a charm that I was simple enough to imagine it so.† (148) In fact, when first love is mentioned it is only a few lines later when Georgiana responds to Aylmer â€Å"†¦you cannot love what shocks you!† Hurt and surprised, she equates, (quite accurately), Aylmer’s ability to love her with his need to see her sans birthmark. It is after this first confrontation that as the reader struggles to understand Aylmer’s motives, Georgiana gradually moves towards seeing her mark in much the same as light as her beloved husband. When first she entered Aylmer’s home, Georgiana was almost a child, both intellectually and morally. Now, as she learns how deep Aylmer’s thoughts go when concerned with the tiny hand, she begins to grow towards aShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book The Birthmark 905 Words   |  4 PagesThe Nathaniel Hawthorn story â€Å"The Birthmark† is a about a scientist who strives to fix the imperfections of human nature. Not only does he kill his wife during the process, his attempt to have any control over human nature dies as well. This story is ironic in the way Hawthorne uses his symbolism in his characters to portray. Judith Fetterley says, The Birthmark demonstrates the consequences to women of being trapped in the laboratory of man s mind, the obj ect of unrelenting scrutiny, examinationRead MoreThe Legend Of Founding Of The Kingdom Of Asterialune1174 Words   |  5 Pagescelestial gave birth to fraternal twins. Two of them have symbolic birthmarks. Symbolizing the day and the night. The first-born was a girl with a quarter silver sand color hair that glistens like the moon and dark purple eyes like the shade of the night sky. Her blue birthmark was on her right shoulder, a crescent of a moon. The other girl has her hair the shades of the sunlight and eyes like a pink tourmaline gem. The yellow birthmark was on her left shoulder, a crescent of a sun. They’re most of theirRead MoreArchetypes in Frankenstien and the Birthmark2001 Words   |  9 Pageshas become a classic archetype. The Birthmark by Nathaniel Hawthorne, follows this archetype. Although The Birthmark and Frankenstein are not identical both stories have similar archetypal characters and share similar themes of abused power and redemption. The Frankenstein archetype requires three types of characters: a obsessive, mad scientist, a pure kind feminine presents and a monster, both sympathetic and ruthless. Although the characters from the birthmark are not carbon copies of the charactersRead MoreSiddhartha Gautama s Life And Spiritual Religion1467 Words   |  6 PagesIt was a miracle birth. The Hindu gods and godless came and blessed the child, and they took him from the side of the queen (â€Å"About Buddha.†). The baby stood up right after the delivery and he walked seven steps into four directions. He had the birthmark of a wheel or chakra at the bottom of his feet. Queen May died seven days after of Siddhartha’ birth. After that, Siddhartha was taken care by his mother’s sister. As the practice of all near East civilization, the king invited the fortuneteller-Read MoreAnalysis Of Toni Morrison s Sula 1906 Words   |  8 PagesSula is written by Noble Prize winner in Literature, Toni Morrison. Morrison’s novels are known for their epic themes, dramatic dialogue, and opulently detailed characters. This novel contains originality and overflows with problematic situations that take place during the time after World War I. Sula opens up in a town called Bottom, which is mostly occupied by African Americans. This town is positioned, in the hills above the mostly white, wealthier community of Medallion, Ohio. This town hasRead MoreFigurative Language and the Canterbury Tales13472 Words   |  54 Pagessnouts toward the rim of the hills, the planes raked the underbrush with gunfire. †¢ ..and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth. -Abraham Lincoln 11. aubade: a poem about dawn; a morning love-song; or a poem about the parting of lovers at dawn 12. ballad: a song, transmitted orally, which tells a story. Usually narrator begins with a climactic or traumatic episode, tells the story tersely by means of action and dialogue and tells it without

Product Mix Free Essays

INTRODUCTION Operating in over 50 countries with more than 100,000 people, Johnson Johnson USA has been ranked 4 times in the â€Å"Fortune Top 10† list of the most admired companies in the US. Johnson Johnson (JJ) India, a subsidiary of Johnson Johnson USA, is one of the leading players in the Indian pharmaceutical and consumer products business. It has employee strength of over 1,800. We will write a custom essay sample on Product Mix or any similar topic only for you Order Now It started business in India in 1947 in Bombay with Johnson’s Baby Powder, and, over time, introduced other products like toothbrushes, Johnson’s Baby Cream and Prickly Heat Powder. Briefing about this world class company, we can have a glimpse on the following points:†¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Global Manufacturer of Pharmaceuticals, Consumer Products and Medical Devices. Listed in Fortune 500 Companies Ranked 1st among 50 top Pharmaceutical companies 230 subsidiary companies with operations in over 57 countries. Well-known consumer products are the BAND-AID Brand line of bandages, Tylenol Medications , JOHNSON’S BABY Products Produced its first products in 1886 Incorporated in 1887 ROBERT WOOD JOHNSON served as the first President of the company. In 1910,JAMES WOOD JOHNSON succeeded him as President. William C. Weldon is the President (since 2002 Onwards) The other key Members of the company are:†¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ William C. Weldon:- Chairman ,Board of Directors; Chairman ,Executive Committee; Chief Executive Officer †¢ †¢ Christine A. Poon:- Vice-Chairman ,Board of Directors; Member ,Executive Committee Dominic J. Caruso: – Member, Executive Committee; Vice President, Finance; Chief Financial Officer. COMPANY STRUCTURE †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Based on the principle of Decentralized Management. Executive Committee is the principal management group. Committee is responsible for the operations and allocation of the resources. Oversees and coordinates the activities of the three segments. Each subsidiary within the business segments is, with some exceptions, managed by citizens of the country where it is located. SUBSIDIARY HOLDINGS Johnson Johnson is a highly diversified company with at least 230 subsidiaries, which it refers to as the â€Å"Johnson Johnson Family of Companies†. Some of these subsidiaries include: †¢ †¢ †¢ ALZA Corporation Baby Center, L. L. C. Johnson Johnson, Group of Consumer Companies, Inc. Johnson Johnson Health Care Systems Inc. Johnson Johnson – Merck Consumer Pharmaceuticals Co. Johnson Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Development, L. L. C. Pfizer Consumer †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ J in INDIA †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Spread its roots in India during 1947. It was Mr. Patrick Whaley who set the foundation. Launched Johnson’s Baby cream and Prickly Powder. Product like bellodomma, pharmaceutical tapes were imported from the parent company. In Sep. 957, a new company Johnson Johnson India Ltd. was created and registered. Recently this company celebrated its 50 years in India. †¢ SEGMENTS OF BUSINESS Johnson Johnson is organized into three business segments:†¢ †¢ †¢ Consumer Pharmaceutical Medical Devices and Diagnostics Consumer J manufactures and markets a broad range of products used in the fields like:†¢ †¢ à ¢â‚¬ ¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Baby and Child Care Skin Care Oral and Wound Care Women’s Health Care Nutritional and Over-the-counter Pharmaceutical Products MAJOR BRANDS Some of the major Brands of J are:†¢ †¢ AVEENO (Skin Care Products) BAND-AID (Brand Adhesive Bandages) †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ CLEAN CLEAR (Teen Skin Care Products) JOHNSON’S BABY (Baby Products) NEUTROGENA (Skin and Hair Care Products) REMBRANDT (Brand of Oral Care Products) SPLENDA (No Calorie Sweetener) PRODUCT PORTFOLIO PRODUCT MIX J is known not only for the quality service types of products but also for the variety range of products. It has a huge list of Product Lines with enormous depth in each line. It also has a tremendous width depth in its Product Mix. Its Product Lines are in the following segments:? Baby Child Care ? Skin Care ? Oral and Wound Care ? Women’s Health Care ? Nutritional and Over-the-counter ? Pharmaceutical Products ? Medical Devices and Equipment. Some of the Products in the Product Line of Baby Child Care are as:0 Baby Hair Oil 0 Baby Soap 0 Baby Cream 0 Baby Body Lotion 0 Baby Massage Oil 0 Baby Powder 0 Baby Nappy Pads 0 Baby Shampoo J has done the Brand Line extension in the products like Hair Oil, Soap, Cream, Massage Oil, Powder Shampoo by launching these products in various fragrance colours. In today’s changing times, where people have become more conscious towards their health thus moving towards natural products, they prefer using J products over other Brands. J has captured the customers by Positioning itself as a Company providing Natural products devoid of chemicals. Thus its graph of Customer Confidence Index is high as compared to other Brands. Not only the Kids New Born, but also the teenagers upper age group customers have been the Target of J. It has its products flowing for every age group in every segment. Some of the products in the product line of Skin Care are:0 0 Aveeno (Brand for Skin Care Products) Clean Clear face wash 0 Clean Clear Cream 0 Clean Clear Cleansing Milk 0 Neutrogena (Brand for Skin Hair Care products) 0 Body Lotion etc. J also has its Oral Care products by the name Rembrandt. It also has its No Calorie Sweetener by the name Splenda. Product Line Length of J in Pharmaceuticals is huge. The products are for various Therapeutic uses such as:0 Anti Fungal 0 Anti-Infective 0 Cardiovascular 0 Contraceptive 0 Dermatology 0 Gastrointestinal and many more†¦ Band-Aid is one of the most popular pharmaceutical products of J. Product Line of J in Medical Devices Equipments is also quiet impressive. 0 0 It includes a broad range of products distributed to Wholesalers, Hospitals Retailers. Used principally in the professional fields by Physicians, Nurses, Therapists, Hospitals, Diagnostic Laboratories and Clinics. Products include Cordis’ circulatory disease management products, DePuy’s orthopedic joint reconstruction and spinal care products. Vistakon’s ACUVUE Disposable Contact Lens. One Touch Brand Blood Glucose Meters from LifeScan, Inc. P. F. C. Sigma Knee System from DePuy, Inc. 0 0 0 0 JJ also has several women’s Health Care products. Thus JJ has segmented the market in a way so as to target Kids, Teenagers, Women also people those are conscious about Natural products. It has strongly covered the market by diversifying itself into Pharmaceuticals Manufacturer of Medical Equipments devices. MILESTONES †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ 1989: Introduced the first test kit for the detection of antibodies to hepatitis C. 1996: Introduced the first test kit to screen blood for antigens to HIV-1, the virus that is responsible for the vast majority of AIDS cases in the U. S. 997: Introduced the first fully automated blood banking system in Europe. 1999: Introduced the first fully automated blood and plasma screening system. 2000: Introduced the first blood screening kit for HCV antigen. AWARDS RECOGNISATION †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ In the year 2005 JJ was recognized by National Safety Council for the excellence in environmental, health and safety ma nagement. In the year 2006 Working Mother Magazine named JJ in best 100 places to work for mother. Fortune magazine ranked JJ in 9th position in over all industry and also listed it in the America most admired companies in 2006. In the year 2007 JJ receive the Spark Award for the new packing and advertising campaign. CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY †¢ †¢ †¢ Centre of Health, Environment and Justice AND JJ launched PVC consumer campaigns. Developed a PVC phase out policy in June 2007 Signed the Compact for Safe Cosmetics. A pledge to make safe products. Eco-Friendly Endeavour’s 0 0 Reached a settlement with the U. S. govt. in December 2006. Installed a â€Å"ZERO† discharge cooling tower water treatment system. Help-age 0 0 0 Donated to TSUNAMI relief efforts in Asia. Gave $10 million to September 11 , 2001 victims. Working to reduce its green house gas emissions. Environmental Policy 0 0 0 0 0 0 Integrating Environmental goals. Striving for ZERO WASTE. 100% resource efficiency. Enhancement of environment. Utilizing innovative technologies. Fostering ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS. CREDO 0 0 0 0 0 0 Our first responsibility – doctors, nurses, mothers, fathers, consumers. Everything of high quality. Constantly strive to reduce costs. Customers’ orders -serviced properly. Suppliers distributors – make profit. Envt. is the ultimate human health issue. FUTURE PLANS JJ Corporation has a very good perception of India. This has been supported by good results in the country. The outlook is bullish, and is supported by a high level of confidence in the Indian management team and more investments likely in the coming years. Double-digit growth is forecast for the India operations. India would be a key growth driver for JJ worldwide. JJ is also exploring the opportunities for setting up BPO operations in the country. How to cite Product Mix, Essay examples

Discuss Evolution of Motivation free essay sample

In response, a series of theories were explored to in areas of job satisfaction and motivation. In consideration in ways in which motivation might make individuals more effective, both theory and empirical studies will be discussed. In the next section, first an account of traditional models will be presented and then following an account of contemporary models will be presented. Early theories of motivation started to be studied during the 1950’s and 60’s, and it was this period that saw four key theories formulate to provide explanations of motivation. These include the Hierarchy of Needs Theory (Maslow, 1954), Theory X and Theory Y (McGregor, 1960), the Two Factor Theory (Herzberg, 1966) and McClelland’s Theory of Needs (McClelland, 1961). To begin with, in 1954, Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory hypothesised that within every human being, there exists a hierarchy of five needs. These include: Physiological (at the bottom), Safety, Social, Esteem and Self-actualisation (at the top). He believed that as each need becomes substantially satisfied, the next need above in the hierarchy would then become the dominant need. It seems that because of the simplicity of Maslow’s theory and, in fact, the intuitive logic that the theory presents, it has remained popular in organisations. It has, however, attracted much criticism on the basis that there is very little evidence to support theories such as, that unsatisfied needs motivate, or that a satisfied need activates a new level of need. In 1960, McGregor suggested two distinct views of human beings, Theory X (Negative) and Theory Y (Positive). These allocated two assumptions. Theory X assumed that employees dislike work, are lazy, dislike responsibility and must be coerced to perform. In contrast, Theory Y assumed that employees like work, are creative, seek responsibility and can exercise self-direction. From his findings he believed that Theory Y was more valid than Theory X and suggested ideas such as participative decision making and challenging jobs to maximise an employee’s job motivation. Much like Maslow’s theory, unfortunately McGregor too lacks any empirical evidence to support his theories and hence there is no confirmation that by following his view to accept Theory Y and altering actions to comply with it, would be lead to more motivated workers. Then, in 1966, Herzberg proposed his Two Factor Theory, also widely known as the Motivation-Hygiene Theory. The theory relates intrinsic factors to job satisfaction and associates extrinsic factors with dissatisfaction. Herzberg therefore recommended job enrichment which would be created through greater freedom and independence. Indeed Herzberg’s theory stimulated much more research in the time that followed, however again, it is apparent that the theory is ultimately flawed for several reasons. In 1961, of the all of traditional theories, it was McClelland’s Theory of Needs that had the best research support, and stated that achievement, power and affiliation are three important needs to help explain motivation. The research has been mainly focused on the need for achievement and consistent results show that people with high achievement need are interested in how well they do personally and not in influencing others to do well. McClelland’s, however, argued that the three needs are subconscious meaning that measuring such data is not easy. In order to measure the needs of individuals is, in fact, time consuming and expensive and therefore many organisations have not invested in measuring McClelland’s theory. It is clear that, for the most part, the issue with the traditional theories is that evidence to back up the theories is in short supply and it therefore becomes an idea without much credibility to back it up. There are a number of contemporary theories that, unlike the traditional theories, have some valid supporting documentation, and the following section will consist of these ideas. Firstly, the Cognitive Evaluation Theory states that allocating extrinsic rewards for behaviour that had previously been intrinsically rewarding tends to decrease the overall level of motivation. Ryan et al. (1983) looked at 96 college students and tested them on working out puzzle-solving activities where various reward conditions were in effect where that supplying rewards undermined the intrinsic motivation of the subjects. This particular study mentioned does well to back up much of the research that has been conducted and draws similar conclusions, although it can be said that the small sample is questionable, and indeed the type of sample, ie students, does not reflect that of the real world. In the grander scheme of research provided on this subject, however, it is widely accepted that providing challenging goals will lead to higher productivity. That said, the theory does not consider absenteeism, turnover or satisfaction. Reinforcement Theory (Skinner, 1961) says that behaviour is a function of its consequences meaning that the reinforcement forms the behaviour. This theory addresses some of the issues that were not considered in the previous study, e. g. absenteeism, however it does not deal with issues including employee satisfaction or the decision to quit, and surely these are things to keep in mind when thinking of a motivated employee. It could be that positive results come from reinforcement theory and yet satisfaction, and hence motivation have are negatively affected. Equity Theory says that individuals compare their job inputs and outcomes with those of others and then respond to eliminate any inequities. When keeping employees motivated, it is important for managers to consider the model of organisational justice that provides explanation on what an employee may consider when comparing their job income-output ratio. Distributive Justice (perceived fairness f outcome), Procedural Justice (perceived fairness of process used to determine outcome) and Interactional Justice (perceived way of being treated) combine to create Organisational Justice (overall perception of fairness in the workplace). It seems that in order to achieve high satisfaction and motivational levels by applying Equity theory, an organisation and the management within need to be as transparent and honest with their staff as possible while showing no bias towards individuals. Finally Vroom’s Expectancy Theory (1964) says that employees will be motivated to exert high levels of effort when they believe that the effort will lead to organisational rewards such as bonuses, salary increases, promotions etc. The theory focuses on three relationships that include effort-performance relationship, performance-reward relationship and rewards-personal goals relationship. While Expectancy theory has valid points associating behaviours that people consider expected outcomes, few people perceive a high correlation between performance and rewards and therefore the theory becomes idealistic. It is believed by the theory that companies should reward individuals for performance; however in reality managers are restricted to organisation criteria that takes into account other factors such as seniority, effort and job difficulty. In conclusion, the evolution of motivational theory has gone from a period of traditional theories that were largely unproven or too expensive and time consuming to consider adequate research, to a plethora of empirical studies that, while still open to criticism, have contributed to the widely accepted contemporary theories that I have previously mentioned. While individually, it can be said that each of the contemporary theories focuses on a specific area of research, and hence does not consider certain areas of interest. But by combining all of the theories in order to insert resolved problems from one theory to address an unresolved from another, it begins to create a much more solid theory in itself.